The impact of supplements, vitamins, and minerals on glucose levels

Published: Apr. 10, 2025

4 min read

Table of contents

The content in this article should not be taken as medical advice. Please consult with your healthcare provider regarding your individual health needs.

It’s common these days to find shelves lined with dietary supplements promising everything from healthier skin and hair to increased energy and immunity. It’s only natural to wonder how supplements like vitamins and minerals might affect your blood glucose levels. The truth is that while some nutrients do play a role in glucose metabolism, others have limited or unclear benefits. Let’s take a look at what experts know about the relationship between supplements and glucose so you can make informed choices.

Dietary supplements 101

Dietary supplements are designed to complement your diet, not replace it. They aren’t medications and aren’t meant to treat, cure, or prevent diseases. Because supplements aren’t regulated as strictly as prescription medications, their quality and effectiveness can vary wildly. That’s why it’s essential to consult with your healthcare team before adding them to your routine.

Vitamins and glucose control

Vitamins are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to function and maintain health. Some vitamins may influence glucose metabolism, but the research is still evolving. Here are two key vitamins that have been studied:

1. Vitamin D

Vitamin D does help regulate glucose levels, but taking too much can be harmful. Research on its role in diabetes has produced mixed results, and experts don’t currently recommend vitamin D supplementation unless you have a known deficiency (which can be evaluated through a simple blood test).

2. Vitamin C

As an antioxidant, vitamin C plays a role in overall health and may influence insulin action. However, there is limited evidence supporting its use in glucose management. Vitamin C is found in fruits and vegetables such as:

Guavas
Kiwis
Strawberries
Oranges
Papayas
Tomatoes
Bell peppers
Broccoli
Kale
Snow peas

The connection between minerals and glucose

Minerals, like vitamins, play a role in many bodily functions, including glucose regulation. These inorganic substances, sourced from the earth, are essential for sustaining optimal health. Here are two minerals that have been linked to glucose health:

1. Chromium

Found in foods like broccoli, bran, and egg yolk, chromium is essential for glucose metabolism. A deficiency may impair glucose use, but long-term supplementation hasn’t been well studied.

2. Magnesium

This mineral is necessary for processing glucose and is found in legumes, seeds, nuts, whole grains, and spinach. While low magnesium levels are linked to higher diabetes risk, there isn’t enough evidence to support widespread supplementation.

Practical tips for smart supplement use

If you’re considering adding vitamins or minerals to your routine, keep these guidelines in mind:

Talk to your healthcare provider

According to the American Diabetes Association, without an underlying deficiency, most people with diabetes won’t benefit from extra supplements. Always check with your doctor before starting any new supplement.

Pro tip: Try using a glucose biosensor like Stelo to track any changes in your glucose levels when starting any new doctor-approved supplements, minerals, or vitamins.

Choose high-quality supplements

Supplements aren’t FDA-regulated with the same scrutiny as prescription medications. Look for products with a USP (United States Pharmacopeia) seal, which ensures they meet quality standards. A pharmacist can also help you choose safe options and check for medication interactions.

Avoid over-supplementation

More isn’t always better. Some vitamins and minerals—like iron, vitamin A, zinc, niacin, and folic acid—can be harmful in excessive amounts. Stick to what your healthcare provider recommends.

For a comprehensive list of daily vitamin and mineral needs, check out the National Institutes of Health fact sheet.

Focus on what works

While vitamins and minerals are important for overall health and glucose regulation, there isn’t enough research on their effects when taken as supplements. According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, whole foods should always be the primary source of vitamins and minerals. If you’re unsure whether your diet is meeting your nutritional needs, consider consulting with your healthcare provider or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) for personalized guidance.